ABSTRACT
Pasteur had annoying opponents at the Medical Academy of Paris, probably because he was not a physician. The medical aspect of his creation reached highest altitude when he vaccinated the boy José Meister against rabies. By that time, he was crippled by a hemiplegia suffered when he was 46 years old. Studying tartric acid isomer, Pasteur discovered molecular asymmetry. He hypothesized that life operated asymmetrically, when he discovered the selectivity of Penicillium glaucum fungus action on paratartrates. He discovered anaerobic life and discarded the theory of spontaneous generation. At the age of 70, he received the gratitude of France and the whole mankind, through President Carnot. On that occasion he said to youngsters "Life in the calm peace of laboratories and libraries. Ask yourselves: What have I done for my instruction?. What have I done for my country?, until the moment that you reach the immense happiness of thinking that you contributed to mankind's progress and welfare"
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
The chilean President José Manuel Balmaceda (1886-1891) had a constitutional conflict with the parliament. This conflict lead to a revolution that ended with the President's suicide, when he was refuged at the Argentinian Embassy in September 1891. President Balmaceda conducted an authoritarian government during several months. A decree from February 1897, disposed the reorganization of the medical school, dismissed and imprisoned the dean, Dr. Barros-Borgoño and nominated new professors. Dr. Nicanor Rojas, professor of gynecology was assigned as dean and Dr. Carlos Sazie as secretary. During the war against Perú and Bolivia, Dr. Rojas worked gratuitously and became prominent, being named Chief Surgeon of the Chilean army. After the thriumph of the revolution against President Balmaceda, Dr. Rojas was discharged and died in 1892
Subject(s)
Humans , Universities/history , History, 19th Century , Schools, Medical/historyABSTRACT
The conflict between the Chilean President Balmaceda and the parliament lead him to rule the country despotically during 8 months, until his suicide in 1891. During this lapse he persecuted and imprisioned his opponents, including several Medical School professors. Dr. David Benavente, professor of Anatomy and Balmaceda's oponent, wrote a chronicle at the Revista Médica de Chile (1897; 20:46) referring to the changes that occured at the Medical School: Flogged by dictatorship's winds, it barely gave sings of life during the 8 months that Balmaceda dominated the country. Political passion almost annihilated for ever the first scientific teaching center of the University of Chile, posed a project at the Public Instruction Council "to create in all high schools a special class about the general principles of the Constitution". Once democratic normality was re-established, the development of Chilean Medicine was greatly impelled, sending young physicians to specialize at qualified european centers
Subject(s)
Humans , Universities/history , History, 19th Century , Schools, Medical/history , Hospitals, Teaching/history , Internship and Residency/history , Education, Medical/organization & administration , LobbyingABSTRACT
José Manuel Balmaceda was president of Chile between 1886 and 1891. Confronted with an institutional conflict, he was deposed by the Republic's parliament in january 1891. Some distinguished physicians were members of that parliament; Dr. Alfonso Valderrama, senator, chronicler of Revista Médica de Chile's first issues and General Secretary of the University of Chile; Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre, deputy. Dean of the Faculty of Medicine (1817-1889) and Rector of the University of Chile; Dr. Federico Puga Borne, deputy and Minister of Public Instruction and Justice; Dr. Augusto Orrego Luco, deputy and writer; Dr. José Arce, deputy. President Balmaceda decreed the intervention of the Medical School in February 1891, named Dr. Arce as intervenor and designed professors attached to his government. He also dismissed several physicians. Overwhelmed by the political conflict, Balmaceda took refuge in the Argentinian embassy and committed suicide in september 1891
Subject(s)
Humans , Universities/history , History, 19th Century , Schools, Medical/history , Physicians/history , Political Systems/historySubject(s)
Humans , Universities/history , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Chile , PortraitSubject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 19th Century , Cholera/history , Chile/epidemiology , Cholera/epidemiology , Famous PersonsSubject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Cholera/history , Disease Outbreaks/history , Chile/epidemiology , Portrait , Cholera/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A physician and writer he integrated the Editorial Committee of the Revista Medica de Chile, in charge of the Chronicle. He was the first physician to be incorporated to the author of an overview of chilean Poetry (19866) and numerous poems, essays and novels. Remarkable is his note regarding a "decrease in the level of atmospheric ozone", reported in 1872